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rabbit anti pd l1 antibody  (Bioss)


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    Bioss rabbit anti pd l1 antibody
    In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of <t>PD-L1</t> (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling"

    Article Title: Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102749

    In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
    Figure Legend Snippet: In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Control

    In vivo immune activation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence staining of HMGB1 (A, red) and CRT (B, red) in tumor tissues following various treatments. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( C, D ) Immunofluorescent staining of CD206 (C, green) and CD86 (D, green) in tumor sections. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 expression (red) in tumors across treatment groups. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( F, G ) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression (F) and CD80 + +CD86 + populations (G) in DCs from spleens. (n = 5). ( H ) Immunofluorescence co-staining of CD4 (green) and CD8 (red) in tumor tissues. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant ( P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the Ctrl. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
    Figure Legend Snippet: In vivo immune activation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence staining of HMGB1 (A, red) and CRT (B, red) in tumor tissues following various treatments. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( C, D ) Immunofluorescent staining of CD206 (C, green) and CD86 (D, green) in tumor sections. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 expression (red) in tumors across treatment groups. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( F, G ) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression (F) and CD80 + +CD86 + populations (G) in DCs from spleens. (n = 5). ( H ) Immunofluorescence co-staining of CD4 (green) and CD8 (red) in tumor tissues. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant ( P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the Ctrl. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Techniques Used: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Flow Cytometry



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    Bioss rabbit anti pd l1 antibody
    In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of <t>PD-L1</t> (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of <t>PD-L1</t> (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of <t>PD-L1</t> and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).
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    Image Search Results


    In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative analysis of HMGB1 exposure (A, red) and CRT exposure (B, red) in B16-F10 cells following different treatments. Blue: DAPI (n = 3). ( C ) Immunofluorescence staining of CD86,iNOS and CD206 in macrophages (n = 3). ( D ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 (n = 3). ( E-G )Quantitative analysis of CD86,iNOS and CD206 expression. ( H ) Quantitative analysis of PD-L1 expression (n = 3). Data are presented as Mean ± SD. Pairwise comparisons against the control group were performed using Student's t-test; differences among multiple groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant (P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus Ctrl. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus the IL-4 group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: Alexa Fluor® 594 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (Cat. No. 111-585-003, dilution: 1:250) was sourced from Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc. Rabbit anti-CD86 antibody (Cat. No. WL05184, dilution: 1:200), rabbit anti-iNOS antibody (Cat. No. WL0992a, dilution: 1:200), rabbit anti-CD206 antibody (Cat. No. WL06177, dilution: 1:200), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (Cat. No. WLA032, dilution: 1:200) were purchased from Wanlei Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. Rabbit anti-PD-L1 antibody (Cat. No. bs-1103R, dilution: 1:250) was obtained from Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd. PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-mouse CD45 Recombinant Antibody (Cat. No. 157612, dilution: 1:200), PE anti-mouse CD11c Antibody (Cat. No. 117308, dilution: 1:200), APC anti-mouse CD86 Antibody (Cat. No. 159216, dilution: 1:200), FITC anti-mouse CD80 Antibody (Cat. No. 104706, dilution: 1:200), PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse I-A b Antibody (Cat. No. 116420, dilution: 1:200), Zombie R718TM Fixable Viability Kit (Cat. No. 423116, dilution: 1:200), FITC anti-mouse CD3 Antibody (Cat. No. 100204, dilution: 1:100), PE anti-mouse CD4 Antibody (Cat. No. 100408, dilution: 1:200), APC/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD8a Antibody (Cat. No. 100714, dilution: 1:200), APC anti-mouse/human CD11b Antibody (Cat. No. 101212, dilution: 1:200), APC/FireTM 750 anti-mouse F4/80 Antibody (Cat. No. 123152, dilution: 1:200), PE/DazzleTM 594 anti-mouse CD206 (MMR) Antibody (Cat. No. 141732, dilution: 1:200), and PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD86 Antibody (Cat. No. 159208, dilution: 1:200) were purchased from BioLegend.

    Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Control

    In vivo immune activation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence staining of HMGB1 (A, red) and CRT (B, red) in tumor tissues following various treatments. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( C, D ) Immunofluorescent staining of CD206 (C, green) and CD86 (D, green) in tumor sections. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 expression (red) in tumors across treatment groups. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( F, G ) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression (F) and CD80 + +CD86 + populations (G) in DCs from spleens. (n = 5). ( H ) Immunofluorescence co-staining of CD4 (green) and CD8 (red) in tumor tissues. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant ( P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the Ctrl. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: Metformin glycyrrhetinic acid binary injectable hydrogel for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal microenvironment remodeling

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo immune activation of Fe 3 O 4 NPs@Met-GA-H. ( A, B ) Immunofluorescence staining of HMGB1 (A, red) and CRT (B, red) in tumor tissues following various treatments. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( C, D ) Immunofluorescent staining of CD206 (C, green) and CD86 (D, green) in tumor sections. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining of PD-L1 expression (red) in tumors across treatment groups. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). ( F, G ) Flow cytometry analysis of MHC-II expression (F) and CD80 + +CD86 + populations (G) in DCs from spleens. (n = 5). ( H ) Immunofluorescence co-staining of CD4 (green) and CD8 (red) in tumor tissues. Blue: DAPI; scale bars: 100 μm. (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA. Ns: not significant ( P > 0.05); ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the Ctrl. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: Alexa Fluor® 594 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (Cat. No. 111-585-003, dilution: 1:250) was sourced from Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc. Rabbit anti-CD86 antibody (Cat. No. WL05184, dilution: 1:200), rabbit anti-iNOS antibody (Cat. No. WL0992a, dilution: 1:200), rabbit anti-CD206 antibody (Cat. No. WL06177, dilution: 1:200), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (Cat. No. WLA032, dilution: 1:200) were purchased from Wanlei Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. Rabbit anti-PD-L1 antibody (Cat. No. bs-1103R, dilution: 1:250) was obtained from Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd. PerCP/Cyanine5.5 anti-mouse CD45 Recombinant Antibody (Cat. No. 157612, dilution: 1:200), PE anti-mouse CD11c Antibody (Cat. No. 117308, dilution: 1:200), APC anti-mouse CD86 Antibody (Cat. No. 159216, dilution: 1:200), FITC anti-mouse CD80 Antibody (Cat. No. 104706, dilution: 1:200), PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse I-A b Antibody (Cat. No. 116420, dilution: 1:200), Zombie R718TM Fixable Viability Kit (Cat. No. 423116, dilution: 1:200), FITC anti-mouse CD3 Antibody (Cat. No. 100204, dilution: 1:100), PE anti-mouse CD4 Antibody (Cat. No. 100408, dilution: 1:200), APC/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD8a Antibody (Cat. No. 100714, dilution: 1:200), APC anti-mouse/human CD11b Antibody (Cat. No. 101212, dilution: 1:200), APC/FireTM 750 anti-mouse F4/80 Antibody (Cat. No. 123152, dilution: 1:200), PE/DazzleTM 594 anti-mouse CD206 (MMR) Antibody (Cat. No. 141732, dilution: 1:200), and PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD86 Antibody (Cat. No. 159208, dilution: 1:200) were purchased from BioLegend.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Flow Cytometry

    Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of PD-L1 and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM).

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    Article Title: Local delivery of IL-15 and anti-PD-L1 nanobody by in vitro- transcribed circILNb elicits superior antitumor immunity in cold tumors

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102413

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Construction of circILNb (A) Schematic representation of the circCV-B3 construct design and circularization mechanism. The design of circCV-B3 draws inspiration from the group I intron-based PIE system and splice site of the T4td group I intron ribozyme. Briefly, I: the “G” at position 555 in the original CVB3 IRES sequence was mutated to “C” to form a continuous TTGGGTCT sequence. Within the TTGGGTCT sequence, E1 (TTGGGT) and E2 (CT) mimicking the circularization sites (E1 and E2) of the PIE system. II: cleaving the CVB3 IRES mutation 1 between E1 and E2 to form the fragment 1 (F1) and fragment 2 (F2). Following ribozyme reaction completion, re-ligation of E1 and E2 will restore the intact IRES sequence. III: the linear RNA precursor, from 5′ to 3′ end, comprises intron 2 (I2) containing the internal guide sequence (IGS), IRES fragment 2 (F2), a cluster of restriction enzyme sites (RES) for inserting the coding sequence, IRES fragment 2 (F1), and intron 1 (I1). IV: following the ribozyme reaction, I2 and I1 are excised, while the 5′ end of F2 is ligated to the 3′ end of F1, ultimately producing scarless circRNA. See also . (B) Schematic diagram of the circIL, circNb, and circILNb engineering using the circCV-B3 vector. (C) Western blot showing the expression of IL-15 and Nb in the supernatant of HEK293T cells transfected with circIL, circNb, co-transfection of circIL and circNb, and circILNb. circLuc was used as control circScram ( n = 3). (D) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circILNb (0.5 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence image showing colocalization (in yellow) of PD-L1 and Nb staining in solid tumor mass. Areas where only PD-L1 was detected appear in red, and areas where only Nb was detected appear in green ( n = 3) (scale bars, 3,000 μm). (E and F) B16F10 tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with circNb and circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse). The circLuc was used as control circScram. (E) Representative flow plots and (F) quantification of HA-tagged Nb expression in tumor tissue dissociated leukocytes (CD45 + ) and B16F10 tumor cells (CD45 − ) after i.t. injection of circNb and circILNb. FSC, forward scatter. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t test ( n = 5, mean ± SEM). " n " indicates biologically independent samples.

    Article Snippet: anti-mouse PD-L1 Polyclonal antibody , Proteintech , Cat#17952-1-AP; RRID: AB_10597552.

    Techniques: Construct, Sequencing, Mutagenesis, Ligation, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Expressing, Transfection, Cotransfection, Control, Injection, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test

    circILNb exhibits superior tumor suppression capacity than N-803 + αPD-L1 (A) (Left) Timeline of the experiment design and (right) legends for different treatment groups to evaluate the tumor growth controlled by the circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse) and N-803 (200 μg/kg, s.c. or i.t.) + αPD-L1 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] or i.t.). IgG (10 mg/kg, i.t.) was used as control group. Tumor growth curves and survivals were plotted. The body weights of tumor-bearing mice were recorded. p value was determined by two-way ANOVA for tumor growth, log rank test for survival analysis. Data are mean ± SEM. (B–D) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. with B16F10 cells ( n = 5). (E–G) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. with RM-1 cells ( n = 5). (H–J) The left mammary fat pads of BALB/c mice were orthotopically implanted with 4T1 cells ( n = 5). (K–M) BALB/c mice were inoculated s.c. with CT26 cells ( n = 5).

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    Article Title: Local delivery of IL-15 and anti-PD-L1 nanobody by in vitro- transcribed circILNb elicits superior antitumor immunity in cold tumors

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102413

    Figure Lengend Snippet: circILNb exhibits superior tumor suppression capacity than N-803 + αPD-L1 (A) (Left) Timeline of the experiment design and (right) legends for different treatment groups to evaluate the tumor growth controlled by the circILNb (0.5 mg/kg circRNA per mouse) and N-803 (200 μg/kg, s.c. or i.t.) + αPD-L1 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] or i.t.). IgG (10 mg/kg, i.t.) was used as control group. Tumor growth curves and survivals were plotted. The body weights of tumor-bearing mice were recorded. p value was determined by two-way ANOVA for tumor growth, log rank test for survival analysis. Data are mean ± SEM. (B–D) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. with B16F10 cells ( n = 5). (E–G) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. with RM-1 cells ( n = 5). (H–J) The left mammary fat pads of BALB/c mice were orthotopically implanted with 4T1 cells ( n = 5). (K–M) BALB/c mice were inoculated s.c. with CT26 cells ( n = 5). " n " indicate biologically independent samples.

    Article Snippet: anti-mouse PD-L1 Polyclonal antibody , Proteintech , Cat#17952-1-AP; RRID: AB_10597552.

    Techniques: Control